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	<title>Online Africa &#187; Education</title>
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	<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net</link>
	<description>Tracking Africa&#039;s ICT progress one day at a time</description>
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		<title>The Kuyu Project: A new digital literacy initiative</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/the-kuyu-project-a-new-digital-literacy-initiative/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/the-kuyu-project-a-new-digital-literacy-initiative/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jun 2010 08:28:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[africa's future]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[digital literacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empowering youth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICT education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ict skills]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kuyu project]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=1607</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you&#8217;re keen on searching for African ICT terms on Twitter every day, then you may well be aware of a new website: The Kuyu Project. The site went live this past week (it was ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1610" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 420px"><a href="http://thekuyuproject.org"><img class="size-full wp-image-1610" title="kuyu-logo" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/kuyu-logo.png" alt="" width="410" height="138" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The attractive logo. {mtotowajirani.com} Click to visit The Kuyu Project.</p></div>
<p>If you&#8217;re keen on searching for African ICT terms on Twitter every day, then you may well be aware of a new website: <a href="http://www.thekuyuproject.org/" target="_blank">The Kuyu Project</a>. The site went live this past week (it was only registered on June 1st) and already has a mission statement, a blog (which is down for maintenance at the moment), and a wiki. The project, imagined by Mtoto Wa Jirani and incubated by <a href="http://www.africantechnetwork.com/" target="_blank">African Tech Network</a>, although only set in motion <a href="http://mtotowajirani.com/2010/04/digital-literacy-an-idea-of-how-we-can-help-kids-become-tech-savvy/">two months ago</a>, is quite focused and <a href="http://mtotowajirani.com/2010/06/the-kuyu-project-the-full-details/" target="_blank">well-planned</a>. Long term goals of forming meaningful partnerships, using crowdsourcing for content, and interacting with mobile devices all seem reasonable. Now that the planning stages are complete, it&#8217;s just a matter of spreading the word. After all, every great idea needs an audience in order to be most effective. Fortunately, passion goes a long way, and the passion surrounding this project is perhaps its strongest asset.</p>
<p>Some details about The Kuyu Project, beginning with the <a href="http://www.thekuyuproject.org/" target="_blank">mission statement</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>The Kuyu Project is a digital literacy initative aimed  at teaching African High school students how to use various forms of  technology and how to make use of the same to make a positive impact in  their communities. We believe that by teaching these students how to use technology,  we are in essence fueling their dreams and ambitions that may one day  turn out to be the solutions and innovations that change the African  continent.</p></blockquote>
<p>Currently, the wiki contains links to the history of project (after all, the site was just publicly launched yesterday!) as well as types of content for the discussion to explore. There are also links to Open ICDL outlines. To participate in the discussion, one will either have to create a free Wikispaces account or simply use an OpenID account.</p>
<p>Visually, the distraction-free website seems designed for resolution down to 800&#215;600 and has a vibrant and inspirational color scheme. Hyperlinks are easy to spot and the Contact page cannot be missed. A definite plus, considering the social goals of the project.</p>
<p>Hopefully the project can attract a substantial number of African youths. Many online African pedagogical endeavors appear to have a slightly older audience. However, interaction is the perfect foil of a short attention span. The use of a Wiki as opposed to a traditional forum/message board or even blog should help meet the project&#8217;s challenge.</p>
<p>[Curious about the name? 'Kuyu' is a district in Ethiopia.]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Panafrican Research Agenda on the Pedagogical Integeration of ICTs Observatory</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/panafrican-research-agenda/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/panafrican-research-agenda/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 May 2010 10:08:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICT Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICT education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ict resource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[idrc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[infodev]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unesco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[website review]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=1496</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Despite the long name, this resource (in partnership with UNESCO) is simple to use and browsing its myriad of entries is a great way to spend an afternoon. Most of the data is from the ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1495" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 456px"><a href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/"><img class="size-full wp-image-1495" title="panaf-res" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/panaf-res.jpg" alt="" width="446" height="136" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Click to head check out http://www.observatoiretic.org</p></div>
<p>Despite the long name, this resource (in partnership with UNESCO) is simple to use and browsing its myriad of entries is a great way to spend an afternoon. Most of the data is from the period 2007-2009 and can still considered current.</p>
<p><strong>Some <a href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/default/presentation">background   information</a> from the site</strong>:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8230;With Phase 1 (2007-2009), the PanAf network succeeded  both in collecting  an unprecedented depth of data on ICTs in African  schools, and in  developing exceptional international partnerships with  the World Bank  and UNESCO. The schools described in the Phase 1  research represent  nearly 245 000 learners and 9000 educators, and  paint a  never-before-seen portrait of the pedagogical integration of  ICTs across  Africa.</p>
<p>The main research question asked by PanAf Phase 2 (2009-2011) is:  &#8220;How, for whom and under  what circumstances can the pedagogical  integration of ICTs substantially  improve the quality of teaching and  learning at all levels and scales  of African education systems?&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>Search</strong> by country, by ICT indicator, or summary data. 13 select countries have information on the institution level, but all include information on:</p>
<ul>
<li>National education and ICT policy</li>
<li>Equipment, connectivity and access</li>
<li>Teacher-training</li>
<li>ICT use</li>
<li>Impact on educators and teaching</li>
<li>Impact of ICT on learners and learning</li>
<li>Institution management and ICT</li>
<li>Policy related to equity</li>
<li>Gender</li>
<li>Cultural and content sensitivity</li>
<li>Special education</li>
<li>Language</li>
<li>Auxiliary documents</li>
</ul>
<p>Of course, the information is only as comprehensive as participants were able (or willing) to provide. For example, the site says that both Chad and Gabon have national ICT plans in development, but there is no data (or even a date of entry) to support such information. Still, the majority of the information is useful and it will be interesting to see what Phase 2 concludes in a year.</p>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position: absolute; left: -10000px; top: 137px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;">
<h3><a id="plus_4" class="expand" onclick="f_show(4);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category4">+</a><a id="minus_4" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(4);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category4">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(4);">National education and ICT policy</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(6 available  subcategories; 5 have data, including 2 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_4" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>1.1  The availability of national ICT policy documents</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>1.1.1 Presence of  national ICT policy? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>Yes = A comprehensive ICT policy which  addresses the mainstreaming of ICTs across socio-economic sectors such  as health, education, etc. aimed at employing ICTs to enhance  development has been approved by the Cabinet and/or Parliament, and is  recognized as one of the country&#8217;s official policy documents. Yes, in  development = The country is in the process of designing a comprehensive  ICT policy. No = The ICT policy development process is not launched.</span></a></th>
<td>Yes,  in development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1.1.2  Description of national ICT policy documents</th>
<td>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/documents/show/157"><img src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/icons/package-x-generic.png" alt="Strategy for The Development of Information technology 2000-2010" width="24" height="24" /></a> <a href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/documents/show/157">Strategy for  The Development of Information technology 2000-2010</a> (2007-11-21)</li>
</ul>
<p><em>2007-11-21</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>1.2  The availability of sector (education) ICT policy documents</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>1.2.1 Presence of  sector (education) ICT policy documents?</th>
<td>Yes<br />
<em>2007-11-21</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1.2.2 Description of sector (education) ICT policy  documents</th>
<td>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/documents/show/158"><img src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/icons/x-office-document.png" alt="Plano Educação para Todos 2001 - 2015" width="24" height="24" /></a> <a href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/documents/show/158">Plano Educação  para Todos 2001 &#8211; 2015</a> (2007-11-21)</li>
</ul>
<p><em>2007-11-21</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>1.3  The availability of national curriculum focusing on ICT (ICT as a  stand-alone subject)</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>1.3.1 Presence of national curriculum documents  focusing on ICT?</th>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1.3.2  Description of national curriculum documents focusing on ICT</th>
<td><span class="note">Data not available</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>1.4  The availability of national regulations or incentives for ICT  resources (connectivity, equipment, training) in educational  institutions</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>1.4.1  Presence of national regulations or incentives for ICT in educational  institutions?</th>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1.4.2  Description of national regulations or incentives for ICT in educational  institutions</th>
<td><span class="note">Data not available</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>1.5  The presence of ICT (in education) in local development plans</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>1.5.1 ICT present  in local education development plans?</th>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>1.5.2 Description of ICT presence in local  education development plans</th>
<td><span class="note">Data not  available</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>1.6 Country  ICT-connectivity rank <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span> </span></a></h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>1.6.1  ICT Development Index (IDI) score <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>The ICT Opportunity Index, used here as a  proxy for relative national levels of “development”, is a composite  index developed by the International Telecommunications Union measuring:  ICT infrastructure and access; ICT use (primarily by individuals, but  also households, businesses, others as data become available in the  future) and the intensity of use; ICT skills (or capacity necessary to  use ICTs effectively). These various indicators are combined to create a  national ICT Opportunity Index score; the “dual nature of ICT […] a  productive asset, as well as a consumable. ” is thus quantified, and  becomes comparable among states. The IDI scores given here are from the  ITU’s 2009 report Measuring the Information Society, based on the latest  national level data (2007).</span></a></th>
<td><span class="note">Data  not available</span><br />
<em>2009-12-22</em></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="container_div_5" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_5" class="expand" onclick="f_show(5);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category5">+</a><a id="minus_5" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(5);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category5">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(5);">Equipment, connectivity and access</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(8 available  subcategories; 7 have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_5" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>2.1  The number and percentage of institutions with computers</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.1.1 Institution  has computers? (total for the country)</th>
<td>nan % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.1.2 Percentage of computers connected to the  Internet (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.1.3 Percentage of computer-equipped institutions</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>2.2 The number and percentage of  institutions with Internet connectivity</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.2.1 Institution has internet connectivity?  (total for the country)</th>
<td>nan % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.2.2 Types of connection and bandwidth (total for  the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.2.3 Number of computers connected to the  Internet <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>This is the total number of  computers in the institution(s), that are connected to the Internet.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.2.4  Percentage of institutions with internet connectivity</th>
<td>0.00 % (0  / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>2.3 The ratio of educators to  computers per institution</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.3.1 Number of educators in the institution (total  for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.3.2  Total number of computers in the institution <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>This is the total number of  functioning computers in the institution. </span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.3.3 Number  of computers in the institution available for educators <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>This is the total number of  functioning computers in the institution that are available for use by  educators. Note: these computers could also be available for other users  (learners, administrators, etc.)</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.3.4 Ratio of educators to computers (total for  the country)</th>
<td>0.00 (0 / 0) educator(s) per computer</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>2.4  The ratio of learners to computers per institution</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.4.1 Number of  learners in the institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.4.2 Number of computers in the institution  available for learners <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>This is the total number of functioning  computers in the institution that are available for use by learners.  Note: these computers could also be available for other users (teachers,  administrators, etc.) </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.4.3 Ratio of learners to computers (total for  the country)</th>
<td>0.00 (0 / 0) student(s) per computer</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>2.5  The presence of a technopedagogical assistant (or ICT  advisor/technician) in education institutions</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.5.1 Institution has an ICT advisor/technician? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Is an ICT advisor and/or  technician employed by the institution?&#8221;  Answer yes or no, if the institution in question employs/has access to  an ICT advisor/technician.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>nan % (0 /  0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.5.2 Description of the  professional duties of the ICT advisor/technician <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Description of the principal  professional duties of the ICT advisor/technician.&#8221;  Describe, in 150 words, the responsibilities of the ICT  advisor/technician.  If the institution does not have an advisor/technician, explain why,  provide context and describe any future plans.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>2.5.3 Percentage of institutions with technicians</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>2.6 The types of software  applications used in educational institutions</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.6.1 Names/types of software used in institution <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Description of the various  types of software applications used (for administration as well as educational purposes) in the institution (max. 150 words).&#8221;  Provide a list of the names and types of software (computer  “applications”) used in the institution, for administrative or educational purposes.  If the institution does not have any application software, explain why,  provide context and describe any future plans to acquire some.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>2.7  Institution ICT-connectivity rank</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.7.1 Institution ICT-connectivity index score  (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>2.8 The  rank of ICT-enablement by institution</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>2.8.1 Institution ICT-enablement index score  (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_6" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_6" class="expand" onclick="f_show(6);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category6">+</a><a id="minus_6" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(6);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category6">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(6);">Teacher-training</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(12 available  subcategories; 9 have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_6" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>3.1  The number of teacher-training institutions</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.1.1 Description of teacher-training institution <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Description of  teacher-training institution.&#8221;  Describe, in 150 words, the teacher-training institution. If there is no  teacher training institution, explain why, provide context and describe  any future plans.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.2 The  number of teacher-trainers per institution</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.2.1 Number of teacher trainers in institution  (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.2.3  Number of teacher-trainers (females) in the institution <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of teacher-trainers in  institution.&#8221; Indicate the number of full-time female teacher-trainers in the  institution. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.2.4 Number of teacher-trainers (males) in the  institution <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of teacher-trainers in  institutions.&#8221;  Indicate the number of full-time male teacher-trainers in the  institution. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.2.5 Percentage of female teacher-trainers in  the institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.2.6 Percentage of male teacher-trainers in the  institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.3  The number of teacher-trainers who have their own email address</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.3.1 Number of  teacher trainers in the institution with email addresses (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.3.2  Percentage of teacher trainers with email addresses (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.3.4  Number of female teacher-trainers who have email addresses <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of female  teacher-trainers in the institution with a personal email address.&#8221; Indicate the number of female teacher-trainers who have their own email  address. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.3.5 Number of male teacher-trainers who have  email addresses <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of male teacher-trainers in the  institution with a personal email address.&#8221; Indicate the number of teacher-trainers who have their own email  address. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.3.6 Percentage of female teacher-trainers in the  institution who have an email address (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.3.7 Percentage of  male teacher-trainers in the institution who have an email address  (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.4  The ability of teacher-trainers to use ICTs (basic skills)</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.4.1 The ability of  teacher-trainers to use ICTs (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;List the various ICT skills/competencies  that you consider you have mastered.&#8221;  List, or summarize in not more than 150 words, the ICT  talents/competencies of teacher-trainers. This certainly requires a  dialogue with the head of the institution (by telephone, electronic mail  or physical contact). If the teacher-trainers have no ICT  skills/competencies, explain why, provide context and describe any  future plans. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not  available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.5 The number of teacher  trainers who use ICTs to train educators</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.5.1 Number of teacher trainers in the  institution who use ICTs (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.5.3 Number of female teacher-trainers who use  ICTs to train educators <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Indicate the names/subject matter of any  courses you teach in which you integrate ICT (please note which courses  are “initial” teacher-training for future teachers vs. those that are  “continuing education” for current teachers).&#8221; Indicate the number of  female trainers in the institution who use ICT to train teachers. Heads  of Department for instance, could precise the indicator above either by a  telephone conversation, by sending an electronic mail or by physical  contact in the field.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.5.4 Number of male teacher-trainers who use  ICTs to train educators <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Indicate the names/subject matter of any  courses you teach in which you integrate ICT (please note which courses are “initial” teacher-training  for future teachers vs. those that are “continuing education” for current teachers).&#8221;  Indicate the number of male trainers in the institution who use the ICT  to train teachers. Heads of Department for instance, could precise the indicator above  either by a telephone conversation, by sending an electronic mail or by physical  contact in the field.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.5.5 Percentage of female teacher-trainers in the  institution who use ICTs to train educators (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.5.6 Percentage of  male teacher-trainers in the institution who use ICTs to train  educators (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.6  The number of preservice educators</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.6.1 Number of preservice educators in  institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.6.3 Number of female preservice educators (total  for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.6.4  Number of male preservice educators (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.6.5 Percentage of female preservice educators <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>Indicate the number of female  educators undergoing initial training (full time equivalence). Use, for instance, a telephone conversation, an electronic mail or a  visit the head of the institution in the field.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.6.6 Percentage of male preservice educators  <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>Indicate the number of male  educators undergoing initial training (full time equivalence). Use, for instance, a telephone conversation, an electronic mail or a  visit the head of the institution in the field. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.7  The percentage of preservice educators who have their own email address</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.7.1 Number of  preservice educators in the institution with an email address (total for  the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.7.2  Percentage of preservice educators with email addresses (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.7.4  Number of female preservice educators with email addresses <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of preservcie  educators (student teachers) in the institution who have their own email address.&#8221; Indicate the number of female educators undergoing initial training in  the institution who have an electronic mail address.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.7.5 Number of male preservice educators with  email addresses <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of preservcie educators (student  teachers) in the institution who have their own email address.&#8221; Indicate the number of male educators in the  institution in the course of initial training having a electronic mail address. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.7.6 Percentage of female preservice educators  with an email address (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.7.7 Percentage of male preservice educators  with an email address (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.8  The presence of ICT in teacher-training curriculum</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.8.1 ICT in initial  (pre-service) teacher-training curriculum? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Is ICT present in the initial  (pre-service) teacher-training program curriculum?&#8221; Indicate either by  yes or no if the teacher’s training institution includes ICTs in some of its initial training programs.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>nan %  (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.8.2 Description of  ICT in initial (pre-service) teacher-training curriculum (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Description of the presence  of ICT in initial (pre-service) teacher-training curriculum.&#8221; Summarise in 150 words the manner in which the ICTs are  integrated (ICT courses and/or ICT application in the teaching of other  disciplines) in the teachers’ initial training programs. Indicate if the ICT exists in other forms. If ICT is not  present, explain why, provide context and describe any future plans.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.8.3 ICT in educator professional development  (continuing education)? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Is ICT present in «in-service teacher  professional development» (continuing education) program curriculum?&#8221; Indicate by yes or no if the ICT exists  (ICT courses and/or the application of ICT in the teaching of other disciplines) in the professional permanent/development  programs of educators.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>nan % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.8.4 Description of ICT in educator professional  development (continuing education) (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Description of the presence  of ICT in «in-service teacher professional development» (continuing education) program curriculum.&#8221; Summarise in 150 words the way in which the teachers’ professional permanent/development programs integrate the use of ICT (describe the  ICT courses  and the application of ICTs in the teaching of other disciplines). If  ICTs are not present, explain why, provide context and describe any  future plans.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data  not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.9 The ICT resources (types  of equipment?) made available to pre-service educators, and their  trainers, during teacher-training</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.9.1 Types of ICT equipment, connectivity, and  other resources (list) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;The types of ICT equipment, connectivity,  and other resources made available to pre-service student-teachers, and their trainers, during  teacher-training (list types of equipment).&#8221; Describe the available ICT resources during the training of  teachers (equipments, connections and other resources) in not more than 150 words. If there  are no resources available, explain why, provide context and describe  any future plans.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.10 The  existence of (nationally regulated) incentives for continuing education /  professional development (which include ICT integration) for educators</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.10.1 Presence of  national incentives for educator professional education which includes  ICT? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Indicate whether you have  benefited from any incentive programs related to the integration of ICT in your teaching &#8211; either from institutions or from  the government.&#8221; (For instance, funding or a bonus for teachers who are taking a course  on ICT use).</span></a></th>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.10.2  Description of national incentives for educator professional education  which includes ICT <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Please describe in detail what these  national incentive programs consisted of.&#8221; NB: this is a national scale  indicator, please, summarise, in 150 words, the  national incentive programs for the educator training that integrate  ICT. The data will likely come from summary analysis of the teacher-trainer questionnaire  Question 8, and/or from your own expertise with regard to the national  ICT in education policies in your country. If there were no incentives,  explain why, provide context and describe any future plans.</span></a></th>
<td><span class="note">Data not available</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.11  Educators who have participated in continuing education / professional  development, which included ICT integration</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.11.1 Number of educators who have completed 1 to  50 hours of continuing education/professional development which  included ICT integration (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.2 Number of educators who have completed more  than 50 hours of continuing education/professional development which  included ICT integration (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.3 The percentage of educators who have  participated in less than 50 hours of continuing education/professional  development which included ICT integration (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.4 The  percentage of educators who have participated in over 50 hours of  continuing education/professional development which included ICT  integration (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.5 Number of female educators who have  participated in 1 to 50 hours of continuing education / professional  development, which included ICT integration <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many teachers in the  institution have completed 1-50 hours of professional development which included ICT training?&#8221; Indicate the total number of  female educators (teacher’s trainers) in the training institute who have achieved 1 to 50 hours of permanent training /  professional development integrating ICT.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.6 Number of male educators who have  completed 1 to 50 hours of continuing education/professional development  which included ICT integration <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many teachers in the institution have  completed 1-50 hours of professional development which included ICT training?&#8221; Indicate the total number of  male educators (teacher’s trainers) in the training institution who have undertaken between 1 and 50 hours of permanent training/  professional development integrating ICT</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.7 Number of female educators who have  completed more than 50 hours of continuing education/professional  development which included ICT integration <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many teachers have had more than 50  hours of professional development that included ICT training?&#8221; Indicate the total number of female  educators (teacher-trainers) in the training institute who have participated in more than 50 hours of permanent  training/professional development integrating the use of ICT.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.8  Number of male educators who have completed more than 50 hours of  continuing education/professional development that included ICT  integration <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many teachers have had  more than 50 hours of professional development which included ICT training?&#8221; Indicate the total number of male  educators (teacher-trainers) in the training institute who have participated in more than 50 hours of permanent  training/professional development integrating the use of ICT.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.9  Percentage of female educators who have completed 1 to 50 hours of  continuing education/professional development which included ICT  integration (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.10 Percentage of male educators who have  completed 1 to 50 hours of continuing education/professional development  which included ICT integration (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 %  (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.11 Percentage of  female educators who have completed more than 50 hours of continuing  education/professional development which included ICT integration (total  for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>3.11.12 Percentage of male educators who have  completed more than 50 hours of continuing education/professional  development which included ICT integration (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.12 The rank of  teacher-training institutions, by ICT-integration</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>3.12.1  ICT-integration index score (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_7" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_7" class="expand" onclick="f_show(7);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category7">+</a><a id="minus_7" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(7);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category7">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(7);">ICT use</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(14 available  subcategories; 8 have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_7" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>4.1  The frequency of ICT use by educators  for academic purposes</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.1.1 Average ICT  use by educators for academic purposes (hours per week) (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.1.3  Average ICT use by female educators for academic purposes (hours per  week) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many hours per week do  you use ICT for academic purposes?&#8221; Indicate the number of hours per  week (average for the institution) of ICT use by female educators for academic purposes (web navigation class use, etc.)</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.1.4  Average ICT use by male educators for academic purposes (hours per  week) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many hours per week do  you use ICT for academic purposes?&#8221; Indicate the number of hours per  week (average for the institute) of ICT use by male educators for academic purposes (web navigation, class use, etc.)</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.1.5  Proportional gap in the male/female averages of ICT use for academic  purposes by educators (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.2  The frequency of ICT use by learners for academic purposes</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.2.1 Average ICT  use by learners for academic purposes (hours per week) (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.2.3  Average ICT use by learners (female) for academic purposes (hours per  week) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many hours per week on  average do you use ICT in school?&#8221; Indicate the number of hours per week  (the average for the institute) of ICT use by female learners/students  for academic purposes.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.2.4 Average ICT use by learners (males) for  academic purposes (hours per week) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many hours per week on average do you  use ICT in school?&#8221; Indicate the number of hours per week (the average  for the institute) of ICT use by male learners/students for academic purposes.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.2.5  Proportional gap in the male/female averages of ICT use for academic  purposes by learners (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.3  The types of ICT use by educators</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.3.1 Types of ICT use by educators (e.g.  Powerpoint presentation, Web resources, etc.) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe the various ways  that you use ICT for academic purposes (which software do you use, for planning, teaching, marking etc.)?&#8221; Summarize  (in 150 words) different types of ICT application by educators (of the  two varieties). If ICT is not utilized, explain why, provide context and  describe any future plans.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.3.2  Examples of ICT-based productions by teachers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe the various ways  that you use ICT for academic purposes (which software do you use, for planning, teaching, marking etc.)?&#8221; Attach  documents, such as a lesson plan for a lesson that integrates ICT, or  indicate URL of websites with pertinent production conceived by the  educators.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td><a onclick="var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display =  'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action =  this.href;f.submit();return false;" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/search/list?country_id=33&amp;indicator_id=160">Informations</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.4  The types of ICT use by learners</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.4.1 Types of ICT use by learners (list) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe/list the various  ways that you use ICT in school (which software do you use, for assignments, presentations, communication etc.).&#8221; Summarize, in 150 words, the different types of ICT use by students (in  computer courses and other disciplines). If ICT is not utilized, explain why,  provide context and describe any future plans.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
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<th>4.4.2 Examples of ICT-based productions by  students <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe/list the various  ways that you use ICT in school (which software do you use, for assignments, presentations, communication etc.).&#8221; Attach a copy  of ICT aided productions done by students.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td><a onclick="var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display =  'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action =  this.href;f.submit();return false;" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/search/list?country_id=33&amp;indicator_id=161">Informations</a></td>
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<th>4.4.3 Female learners&#8217; points of access to  computers/Internet (cybercafé, home, mobile…) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>In 150 words, list the various  points of access to computers and the Internet for pedagogical use  mentioned by female learners.  Describe where and when computers and the  Internet are most commonly accessed for pedagogical use, as well as why  these are the most common/convenient points of access.  Be sure to ask  about access at home versus the school environment, versus Internet  cafés, versus mobile handsets etc.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
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<th>4.4.4  Male learners&#8217; points of access to computers/Internet (cybercafé, home,  mobile…) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>In 150 words, list the various  points of access to computers and the Internet for pedagogical use  mentioned by male learners.  Describe where and when computers and the  Internet are most commonly accessed for pedagogical use, as well as why  these are the most common/convenient points of access.  Be sure to ask  about access at home versus the school environment, versus Internet  cafés, versus mobile handsets etc.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
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<th>4.4.5  Female learners&#8217; participation in Internet-based social networking  (MySpace, Facebook Twitter&#8230;) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>In 150 words, describe participation in  Internet-based social networking by female learners.  Are they using  Facebook, MySpace, Twitter etc. pedagogically, how (communication,  organization, collaboration etc.)?  Which are the most common/convenient  Internet-based social networking services for pedagogical use, why?</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
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<th>4.4.6 Male learners&#8217; participation in  Internet-based social networking (MySpace, Facebook Twitter&#8230;) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>In 150 words, describe  participation in Internet-based social networking by male learners.  Are  they using Facebook, MySpace, Twitter etc. pedagogically, how  (communication, organization, collaboration etc.)?  Which are the most  common/convenient Internet-based social networking services for  pedagogical use, why?</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.5 The  percentage of courses taught using ICT</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.5.1 Number of courses taught <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Indicate the total number of  all courses taught in your institution.&#8221; Indicate the total number of  courses taught in the institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.5.2 Number of courses taught using ICT <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Indicate the total number of  courses in your institution that integrate ICT in teaching and/or learning.&#8221; Total number of courses taught using ICTs  (according to educators).</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.5.3 List of courses taught using ICT <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Provide a list of the course  names and a brief description of the way in which ICT is integrated in  teaching and learning.&#8221; List the names/subjects of courses that are  taught in the institution and that have integrated the use of ICT, and  describe the way that ICT is used in these courses (Not more than 50  words per course and not more than 10 courses per institution).</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.5.4 The percentage of courses taught using ICT  (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.6  The factors supporting the use of ICT by educators</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
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<th>4.6.1 Stated (by  educators) factors that support ICT use by educators (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What factors favour the  integration of ICT in your courses?&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the factors  that favor the use of ICT as indicated by the educators (Requires a  discussions with 10 full-time teachers from the teacher-training  institution). Include an audio file (MP3) with the interviewees answers.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.7  The challenges to the use of ICT by educators</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
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<th>4.7.1 Stated (by educators) factors that are  challenges to ICT use by educators (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What challenges do you face  in terms of integrating ICT in your courses?&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the  factors indicated by the educators as constituting challenges to ICT  use. Requires discussions with 10 full-time teachers from the  teacher-training institution. Include an audio file (MP3) with the interviewees answers.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.8  The factors supporting the use of ICT by learners</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
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<th>4.8.1 Stated (by  learners) factors that support ICT use by learners (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What factors support your use  of computers in school and why? (number of computers, amount of  computer time, appropriate instruction etc.)&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the  factors favouring the ICT use as indicated by learners/students  (homogenous groups of 12 persons maximum per forum). Also supply an  audio file (MP3) with the answers of all the persons in the forum. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.9  The challenges to the use of ICT by learners</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.9.1 Stated (by learners) factors that are  challenges to ICT use by learners (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What factors challenge/are  barriers to your use of ICT in school?&#8221; In 150 words, describe the  factors indicated as challenges to the use of ICT according to the  learners/students. Also include an audio file (MP3) with the answers of  the interviewees.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.10 The  competencies required for ICT use (in education) by educators</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
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<th>4.10.1 Competencies  required for ICT use (by educators) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What skills/competencies do you have  and/or require to effectively integrate ICT in your teaching?&#8221; Summarize  in 150 words the aptitudes necessary for the use of the ICT in a  pedagogical context, as indicated by the educators.</span></a> (total  for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.11  The competencies required for ICT use (in education) by learners</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.11.1  Competencies required for ICT use (by learners) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What skills/competencies do  you require to effectively use ICT in your learning?&#8221; Summarize in 150  words the aptitudes necessary for the use of ICT in learning as, as  indicated by learners/students. Also supply an audio file (MP3) that  contains the answers of all the persons in the forum.</span></a> (total  for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.12  ICT in education-related research publications</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
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<th>4.12.1 ICT in education-related research  publications (reference and abstract; 150 words; document if available) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>Describe any “ICTs in  education” related research publications produced by, or based on, this  institution.  What studies or assessments or evaluations, conducted by  whom, when, and with what result, focused on the use of ICTs in teaching  and learning at this school? (attach a copy, summary, or link to the  publication).</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td><a onclick="var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display =  'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action =  this.href;f.submit();return false;" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/search/list?country_id=33&amp;indicator_id=96">Informations</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>4.12.2 Number of ICT in education-related  research publications (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.13  Pioneering initiatives in ICT in education</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.13.1 Pioneering initiative in ICT in education  (description, including responsible parties; 150 words; document if  available) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>Summarize, in 150 words, the  institutions&#8217; “pioneering initiatives” related to the pedagogical  integration of ICTs.  What actions have been taken, with what result, in  the use of ICTs for teaching and learning at the institution.  Identify  the main actors and attach documentation if possible.</span></a> (total  for the country)</th>
<td><a onclick="var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display =  'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action =  this.href;f.submit();return false;" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/search/list?country_id=33&amp;indicator_id=97">Informations</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>4.14  The rank of ICT-integration by institution</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>4.14.1 ICT-integration index score (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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</div>
<div id="container_div_2" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_2" class="expand" onclick="f_show(2);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category2">+</a><a id="minus_2" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(2);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category2">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(2);">Impact on educators and teaching</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(1 available subcategory; 0  have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_2" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>5.1  The impact of ICT on teaching</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
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<th>5.1.1 Stated impact (by educators) of ICT on  lesson-planning (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe any impact that ICT has had on  your lesson planning (how you prepare for classes).&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the impact of ICT on lesson  planning in the institution, as indicated by educators. Include audio files and individual transcripts  of at least five interviews with teachers. </span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>5.1.2 Stated impact (by educators) of ICT on  in-class teaching (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe any impact that ICT has had on  your in-class teaching (what you teach, how you teach it, etc.)&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the impact of ICT on  classroom teaching within the institution, as indicated by educators. Include audio files and transcripts of  individual interviews with at least five teachers within the  institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data  not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>5.1.3 Stated  impact (by educators) of ICT on evaluation methods (exams, etc.; 150  words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe any impact that ICT  has had on your evaluation methods (how you evaluate your students).&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the impacts, as  indicated by the educators, of ICT on evaluation methods across the institution. Include audio files (MP3) and  transcripts of individual interviews with at least five teachers within  the institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data  not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>5.1.4 Stated  impact (by educators) of ICT on educator-learner communication (150  words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>Describe any impact that ICT  has had on communication between yourself as an educator and your students (do you encourage students to ask  questions and submit assignments via email etc?). Summarize in 150 words the impact, as indicated by educators, of ICT on  teacher-student communication across the institution. Include audio  files (mp3) and transcripts of individual interviews with at least five  teachers within the institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>5.1.5  Stated impact (by educators) of ICT on reflection on teaching (150  words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Do you think that ICT helps  you reflect on your teaching? (what you teach, how you teach) – if so, explain briefly with examples.&#8221; Summarize in 150  words the self-described impact of ICT on educator’s thinking about their own teaching methods, across the institution. Include audio files  and transcripts of individual interviews with at least five teachers  within the institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
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</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_3" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_3" class="expand" onclick="f_show(3);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category3">+</a><a id="minus_3" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(3);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category3">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(3);">Impact of ICT on learners and learning</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(3 available  subcategories; 0 have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_3" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>6.1  The impact of ICT on learning (in general)</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
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<th>6.1.1 Stated impact (by learners) of ICT on  learning (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What, in general, has been the impact of  ICT on your studies?&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the impact of ICT on  learning as indicated by the learner. The interview should involve at  least six students (if possible, a mix of girls and boys) in the institution. Provide an audio file (MP3) and a transcript of the  forum.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not  available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>6.1.2 Stated impact  (by educators) of ICT on (learners) learning (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Please describe, in general,  the impact that ICT has had on students’ learning.&#8221; Summarize in 150  words the impact of ICT on learning as specified the educators.  Attach  an audio file (MP3) and the transcripts of individual interviews.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>6.2  The impact of ICT on learner access to knowledge</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>6.2.1 Stated impact  (by learners) of ICT on access to knowledge (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What has been the impact of  ICT on your access to knowledge/information?&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the  impact of ICT on access to knowledge as indicated by the learners. The  discussion should involve at least six students (if possible, of  different sex) in the institution. Provide an audio file (MP3) and the transcripts of  the forum.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data  not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>6.2.2 Stated  impact (by educators) of ICT on (learners&#8217;) access to knowledge (150  words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Please describe, in general,  the impact that ICT has had on students’ access to knowledge/information?&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the impact of ICT on the  access to knowledge as indicated by the educators. The interviews should  involve at least six educators within the institution. Attach an audio  file (mp3) and the transcripts of individual interviews. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>6.3  Documentation produced by learners using ICT</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>6.3.1 Stated impact (by learners) of ICT on  documentation produced (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How has ICT helped you in producing  documentation related to learning &#8211; written assignments etc? (Please provide examples or description of documents if  possible – how did ICT help in their production?)&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the  impact of ICT on the production of documents by learners. (What is produced, how does it enhance learning, etc). Attach examples  of the productions on which the analysis is based.  The interview should  involve at least six students (if possible, girls and boys) in the institution. Provide an  audio file (MP3) of the group discussion.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>6.3.2  Stated impact (by educators) of ICT on (learners&#8217;) documentation  produced (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How has ICT helped your students in  producing documentation related to learning &#8211; written assignments etc? (Please attach copies or descriptions of  documents if possible &#8211; how ICT did help in their production?)&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the  impact of ICT on the production of documents by learners, as specified by the educators (what is produced, how does it foster  learning, etc.). Attach examples of the documents on which the analysis is based.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_1" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_1" class="expand" onclick="f_show(1);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category1">+</a><a id="minus_1" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(1);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category1">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(1);">Institution management and ICT</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(10 available  subcategories; 5 have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_1" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>7.1  The number of institutions with ICT integration plans</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.1.1 Institution has  ICT integration plan? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Does your institution have a plan for the  integration of ICT?&#8221; Indicate by yes or no whether the institution has  an ICT integration plan.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>nan %  (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.1.2 Description of  ICT integration plan (150 words, with document attached) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Attach a copy, and/or  description, of the integration plan, if not, describe the context of absence of a plan.&#8221;  Write a summary of 150 words on the ICT  integration plan. Attach the document if possible. If your institution does not have an ICT integration plan,  explain why, provide context and describe any future plans.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.1.3 Percentage of institutions with an  integration plan</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.2  The number of institutions with a strategy in place to maintain and  renew their ICT equipment</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.2.1 Institution has a strategy in place to  maintain and renew ICT equipment? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Does your institution/department have an  ICT equipment maintenance and renewal plan?&#8221; Indicate by yes or no if the institution has a  maintenance and renewal strategy for ICT equipments.</span></a> (total  for the country)</th>
<td>nan % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.2.2 Description of strategy in place to maintain  and renew ICT equipment (150 words, with document attached) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Attach a copy, and/or  description, of the maintenance and renewal plan.&#8221; Write a summary of  150 words on the maintenance and renewal strategies of ICT equipments and attach documents if possible. In the case where no  renewal and maintenance policy exists, explain why, provide context and  describe any future plans.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.2.3  Percentage of institutions with a strategy in place to maintain and  renew ICT equipment</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.3  The number of institutions that provide access to their ICT  infrastructure for the community</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.3.1 Institution provides access to their ICT  infrastructure for the community? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Does the community outside the school have  access to your ICT facilities/infrastructure?&#8221; Indicate by yes or no if the institution  gives the community access to its ICT infrastructure.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>nan % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.3.2 Description of types access provided by the  institution for the community (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;If yes, describe the kind of access the  outside community has (who has access, why, when, at what cost?). If no, explain why not, provide context and  describe any future plans.&#8221; Write a summary of 150 words on the various  modes of access offered to the community by the institution, or the reasons why access is denied. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.3.3 Percentage of institutions that provide  access to their ICT infrastructure for the community</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 /  0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.4 The number of managers (in  education institutions) trained to use ICT</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.4.1 Number of managers (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.2 Description of the types of managers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Briefly describe the  different types of managers who work in your institution (the administrative structure – attach a diagram if necessary).&#8221; Summarize in  150 words the different types of management positions that exist in the institution (the administrative structure).</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.3 Number of managers trained to use ICT (total  for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.4  Description of training received by managers trained to use ICT in  education (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Briefly describe the kind of training in  ICT you have had.&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the ICT training undergone by  the managers (directors, administrator, administrative personnel, etc). If no ICT training is  provided, please explain why not, provide context and describe any  future plans. </span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data  not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.5 Percentage  of managers trained to use ICT (in education) (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.6 Number of  female managers (total for the institution) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Total number of female  managers (Heads of Department, Vice-principals, School Directors, non-teaching staff etc.) in your institution.&#8221; Indicate the  number of female managers (Directors, managers, administrative personnel, etc) in the institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.7 Number of male managers (total for the  institution) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Total number of male managers (Heads of  Department, Vice-principals, School Directors, non-teaching staff etc.) in your institution.&#8221; Indicate the  number of male managers (Directors, managers, administrative personnel, etc) in the institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.8 Number of female managers trained to use  ICT (total for the institution) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Have you (Institution Manager) had any ICT  training?&#8221; Indicate the number of female managers (directors,  administrators, administrative personnel) in the institution who have had ICT training.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.9  Number of male managers trained to use ICT (total for the institution) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Have you (Institution  Manager) had any ICT training?&#8221; Indicate the number of male managers  (directors, administrators, administrative personnel) in the institution  who have had ICT training.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.10 Percentage of female managers in the  institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.11 Percentage of male managers in the  institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.12 Percentage of females managers trained to  use ICT in the institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 /  0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.4.13 Percentage of male  managers trained to use ICT in the institution (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00  % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.5 The impact of ICT on  education management practices</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.5.1 Stated impact (by managers) of ICT on  education management practices (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe the impact of ICT on education  management practices at your institution.&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the  impacts of ICT on the management educative practices as indicated by managers.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.6 The  impact of ICT on which curriculum is taught (mathematics, science,  language, arts, etc.)</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.6.1 Stated impact (by managers) of ICT on which  curriculum is taught (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe the impact ICT has had on  teaching and learning in your institution (particularly on curriculum choices by educators).&#8221; Summarize in 150  words the impacts of ICT on teaching programs (mathematics,sciences,  arts, etc) as indicated by the managers.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.7  The impact of ICT on continuing education/professional development  programs</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.7.1  Stated impact (by managers) of ICT on continuing education/professional  development programs (150 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe the impact of ICT on professional  development/continuing education programs for employees from your institution.&#8221; Summarize in 150 words  the impact of ICT on teacher-training, as specified by the managers.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.8  The ability of managers to use ICT (basic skills)</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.8.1 Number of  institution managers with email address <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Do you (Manager) have your own personal  email address?&#8221; Indicate the number of managers (directors,  administrators, administrative personnel, etc) in the institution who have a personal email address.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.8.2  Description of ability of managers to use ICT (basic skills; 150  words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;List the various ICT  skills/competencies that you consider you have mastered.&#8221; Summarize in  150 words the ICT skills/competencies of institution managers.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>7.8.3 Percentage of managers with email addresses  (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.9  The major barriers (as identified by managers) hindering the  achievement of their institution&#8217;s ICT-related goals for learners</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.9.1 Barriers, as  identified by managers, hindering the achievement of their institution&#8217;s  ICT-related goals for learners (600 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;In your opinion (as an  institution manager), what are the major barriers hindering the achievement of your institution’s ICT-related goals for learners?&#8221;  Summarize in 600 words the major obstacles that prevent students from  attaining the learning objectives.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>7.10  Leadership and best practices in ICT integration in education</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>7.10.1 Description  of &#8220;success stories&#8221; in ICT-integration (what, by whom, how, with what  result; 300 words) <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Describe any particular “success stories”,  “pioneering initiatives”, or “best practices”, in the integration of ICT at your institution (what was  done, by whom, how, with what results etc.)&#8221; Summarize in 300 words the «success stories »  (what, by who, how and with which results). Attach examples if possible.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_9" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_9" class="expand" onclick="f_show(9);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category9">+</a><a id="minus_9" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(9);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category9">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(9);">Policy related to equity</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(1 available subcategory; 1  has data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_9" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>8.1  The existence of equity policy documents related to ICT</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>8.1.1 Presence of  national ICT equity policy? <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Presence of national ICT “Equity” policy  (national ICT or telecommunications policy which makes reference to gender, special needs etc.)&#8221;   Indicate by yes or no if the country has a national equity policy  related to ICT.</span></a></th>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>8.1.2 Description of national ICT equity policy  documents <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Description of national ICT  “Equity” policy documents (please attach a copy of the official  document).&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the national policy on equity related  to ICT. In the case where the national policies do not exist, please  explain why, provide context and describe any future plans. Attach  similar policies (institutional, etc.) if possible.</span></a></th>
<td><span class="note">Data not available</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_10" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_10" class="expand" onclick="f_show(10);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category10">+</a><a id="minus_10" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(10);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category10">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(10);">Gender</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(2 available  subcategories; 2 have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_10" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>9.1  The number of female learners who have access to computers</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>9.1.1 Number of  male learners in institution <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of male students.&#8221; Indicate the  number of male students in the institution.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.1.2  Number of male learners who have access to computers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of male students who  have access to computers.&#8221; Indicate the number of male students who have  access to the institution&#8217;s computers. </span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.1.3  Number of female learners in institution <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of female students.&#8221; Indicate the  number of female students in the institution.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.1.4  Number of female learners who have access to computers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of female students who  have access to computers.&#8221; Indicate the number of female students who  have access to the institution&#8217;s computers. </span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.1.5  Percentage of male learners who have access to computers (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.1.6  Percentage of female learners who have access to computers (total for  the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>9.2  Number of female teachers who have access to computers</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>9.2.1 Number of  male teachers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of male educators.&#8221; Indicate the  number of male teachers in the institution.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.2.2  Number of male teachers who have access to computers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of male educators who  have access to computers.&#8221; Indicate the number of male teachers who have  access to the institution&#8217;s computers. </span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.2.3  Number of female teachers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of female educators.&#8221; Indicate the  number of female teachers in the institution.</span></a> (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.2.4  Number of female teachers who have access to computers <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Number of female educators  who have access to computers.&#8221; Indicate the number of female teachers  who have access to the institution&#8217;s computers. </span></a> (total for  the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.2.5  Percentage of male teachers who have access to computers (total for the  country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>9.2.6  Percentage of female teachers who have access to computers (total for  the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_12" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_12" class="expand" onclick="f_show(12);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category12">+</a><a id="minus_12" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(12);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category12">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(12);">Cultural and content sensitivity</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(1 available subcategory; 0  have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_12" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>10.1  The impact of ICT on the development of a variety of African  educational content</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>10.1.1 Stated impact (by managers) on the  development of African course content <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;What impact has integrating ICT had on the  development of African course content?&#8221; Summarize in 150 words the impacts of the ICT on the  development of African course contents as indicated by the managers. If course contents have not been  affected, please explain why, provide context and describe any future  plans to alter course content.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_13" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_13" class="expand" onclick="f_show(13);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category13">+</a><a id="minus_13" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(13);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category13">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(13);">Special education</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(1 available subcategory; 1  has data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_13" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>11.1  The impact of ICT on learners with special needs</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>11.1.1 Number of  learners with special needs <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Of the above students, how many in the  institution are qualified as having “special needs”?&#8221; Indicate the number of students of the institution qualified as  having special needs.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>11.1.2 Number of learners with special needs who  have access to ICT <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;How many of these “special needs” students  have access to ICT?&#8221; Indicate the number of students of the institution  qualified as having special needs, who have access to ICT.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>11.1.3 Impacts, as stated by managers, of ICT on  learners with special needs <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>What impact has integrating ICT had on  learners at the institution who are qualified as having “special needs”? Summarize in 150 words the impact  of ICT on students of special needs in the institution.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>11.1.4 Percentage of learners with special needs  who have access to ICT (total for the country)</th>
<td>0.00 % (0 / 0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container_div_15" class="category">
<h3><a id="plus_15" class="expand" onclick="f_show(15);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category15">+</a><a id="minus_15" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide(15);" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#category15">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide(15);">Language</a> <span class="availableIndicators">(1 available subcategory; 0  have data, including 0 documents)</span></h3>
<div id="div_15" class="subcategory" style="display: none;">
<h4>12.1  The relationship between ICT-in-education integration and local  language(s)</h4>
<table class="show">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>12.1.1  Perception of educators of the relationship between the first  language(s) of the learners and ICT-in-education <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online  help" width="16" height="16" /><span>&#8220;Please describe the  relationship between the first language of learners and ICT in their education (for instance, do learners who are not fluent in English  or French have more difficulties with ICTs)?&#8221; Summarize in 150 words  the relationship between the local language and the ICT integration in education as perceived by the educators.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>12.1.2 Perception of parents (or  community-members) of the relationship between the first language(s) of  the learners and ICT-in-education <a class="tooltip" onmouseover="pOpen(this)" onmouseout="pClose(this)" href="javascript:void(0);"><img class="link" src="http://www.observatoiretic.org/images/aide_petit.gif" alt="Online help" width="16" height="16" /><span>Summarize in 150 words the relationship as  indicated by parents (and/or members of the community) between the local  language and ICT integration in education. Please attach an MP3 file of  all the interviews.</span></a> (total for the country)</th>
<td class="note">Data not available</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<h3><a id="plus_documents" class="expand" onclick="f_show('documents');" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#documents">+</a><a id="minus_documents" class="collapse" style="display: none;" onclick="f_hide('documents');" href="http://www.observatoiretic.org/countries/show/33#documents">-</a> <a href="javascript:f_showHide('documents');">Auxiliary  documents</a></h3>
</div>
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		<title>Notable points from PanAf Edu&#8217;s newsletter</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/panaf-edu/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/panaf-edu/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Mar 2010 09:43:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cameroon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cote d'ivoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[educational newsletter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mozambique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[panaf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tunisia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[west africa]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=1219</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[PanAf Edu Vol. 2, N°1 on ICT research in education in Africa (27pp, 3.5MB) is a must-read for those interested in the field of African education. The publication contains a dozen first-hand reports focus on ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1221" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 291px"><a href="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/comp-ed.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1221" title="comp-ed" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/comp-ed.jpg" alt="asdf" width="281" height="358" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Pedagogical integration is the future</p></div>
<p><a href="http://www.ernwaca.org/panaf/spip.php?article1410&amp;id_rubrique=2">PanAf Edu Vol. 2, N°1 on ICT research in education in Africa</a> (27pp, 3.5MB) is a must-read for those interested in the field of African education. The publication contains a dozen first-hand reports focus on how computer-based ICT has been utilized in West African secondary schools. All articles in the publication revolve around the theme of physical vs. pedagogical ICT integration. In short, physical integration would be any use of modern ICT to teach students whereas pedagogical integration would entail <em>routine </em>instruction via <em>multiple</em> sources. At the moment, physical integration of ICT is the standard practice in the surveyed schools, but the authors hope to change this practice in the coming months and years.</p>
<p>Notable passages from the newsletter:</p>
<ul>
<li>The majority of the Internet is written in English with translation often taking the place of cognitive thinking. (5)</li>
<li>A conceptual model known as the &#8216;knowledge ladder&#8217; helps focus the objectives of ICT education. Students can even plot their own course. (8)</li>
<li>Teacher-trainers often do not have proper training (most have fewer than 50 hours of instruction).  (11)</li>
<li>Online communication via a forum is as socially durable as classical classroom learning. (15)</li>
<li>Tunisia uses computer-aided testing in classrooms. (16)</li>
<li>Secondary school educators in Cote d&#8217;Ivoire uses a variety of ICT vehicles, but only for 1-3 hours per week. (17)</li>
<li>In Mozambique, few schools are connected to the Internet, but those that are perform better than others. With the advent of ICTs, teachers spend less time teaching and more time synthesizing the material. (21)</li>
<li>In Cameroonian secondary schools, ICT benefits are notable. However, many teachers do not see the benefit to themselves for utilizing ICT in the classroom. Plus, computer accessibility and anti-virus software are issues. (22)</li>
</ul>
<p>Ten minutes of reading the PanAf newsletter will provide hours of thought.</p>
<p><em>The PanAf network (Panafrican Research Agenda on the pedagogical integration of ICT) is a project funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC, www.idrc.ca) and managed by the Educational Research Network for West and Central Africa (ERNWACA www.ernwaca.org) and the University of Montreal (www.umontreal.ca ).</em></p>
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		<title>Summary of a summary: Nigeria&#8217;s ICT Quiz</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/nigerias-ict-quiz/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/nigerias-ict-quiz/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Feb 2010 06:41:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[citad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ict curriculum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICT Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ict quiz]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nigeria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[secondary schools]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=1126</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Last week, Nigerian secondary school students participated in an annual information and communication technology quiz. A summary of the two-day event, written by Y. Z. Yau, the director of CITAD, appeared in the Lagos-based Daily ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1127" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 330px"><a href="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/quiz.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1127" title="quiz" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/quiz.jpg" alt="ccc" width="320" height="241" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Children enjoy showcasing their knowledge via competition</p></div>
<p>Last week, Nigerian secondary school students participated in an annual information and communication technology quiz. A <a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201002260322.html">summary of the two-day event</a>, written by Y. Z. Yau, the director of CITAD, appeared in the Lagos-based <em>Daily Independent.</em> Mr. Yau also had some interesting personal thoughts on the quiz, and they are worth examining in further detail. A breakdown of his points are below:</p>
<ol>
<li>The students were very enthusiastic to participate in the competition.
<ul>
<li>This is positive indeed, but one must hope that the students were vying for more than just first prize: a desktop computer. Either way, a quiz is a perfect incentive to learn about ICT. Children are very competitive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The students had very little knowledge of the regulatory environment, although this subject is part of the curriculum.
<ul>
<li>Yes, this material should be taught, but it probably is difficult for the students (let alone  adults!) to keep straight. Students in other countries, such  as America, have no idea how the regulatory structure is laid out. Nigeria should instead consider offering bonus credit to students who learn about the regulatory environment. (Again, an incentive, but this is what it may take to strengthen ICT knowledge)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The students seem to understand theory but may lack hands-on computer skills.
<ul>
<li>Like Mr. Yau says, not all schools have adequate computing facilities. Theory is more important than practical skills, assuming informed students can better transition to real-world applications. Still, computers are an essential need and there is no time to waste if Nigeria&#8217;s workforce already lacks e-skills.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Conclusion: Access to education is contracting as the demand for information is increasing. Stakeholders must take notice and support the education sector.
<ul>
<li>Agreed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
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		<title>Must read: &#8216;African Languages in a Digital Age&#8217;</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/must-read-african-languages-in-a-digital-age/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/must-read-african-languages-in-a-digital-age/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Feb 2010 08:05:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[african ict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[african language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[e-book]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HSRC Press]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[local content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[localisation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=1101</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What is localization in the African context and what is its importance in the long term? African Languages in a Digital Age: Challenges and opportunities for indigenous language computing, a new e-book authored by Don ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1102" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/language.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1102" title="language" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/language.jpg" alt="Making local voices heard" width="300" height="400" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Making local voices heard</p></div>
<p>What is localization in the African context and what is its importance in the <em>long term</em>? <em>African Languages in a Digital Age: Challenges and opportunities for indigenous language computing</em>, a new e-book authored by Don Osborn and published by the Human Sciences Research Council, examines the need for such localization of digital content. Across the globe, thousands of languages lack representation online. The cultures linked to these languages, consequently, have limited options to disseminate their ideas and potentially gain credibility on the world stage. After all, in today&#8217;s world, the ability to communicate effectively is worth its weight in economic gains.</p>
<p>The beauty of this publication is how the author merges examinations of the minutiae of localization with broader theory. For example, in the section about challenges facing, Osborn mentions the use of extended character sets, the costs of translating content, and &#8220;the negative attitudes towards African languages among foreign development and educations experts and even some native language speakers.&#8221; (Osborn 6) Similarly, chapters in the book range from linguistics and how to sustain long-term &#8216;localisation&#8217; to more technical aspects like fonts and input systems. <em>African Languages in a Digital Age</em> reads more like a final report than a conventional book, but again, this is a plus as it is conducive for efficient skimming of the material.</p>
<p>Most importantly, to further encourage the development of content, the entire 150-page (2.8 MB) book is available as a free electronic download and can even be downloaded in chapters for those who rely on limited bandwidth. Of course you can also pay R 130.00 for a soft cover copy. Find the book at the <a href="http://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/product.php?productid=2269&amp;cat=0&amp;page=1&amp;featured&amp;freedownload=1#">HSRC Press website</a>.</p>
<p>Learn even more about localisation at the <a href="http://www.panafril10n.org/">PanAfriL10n Wiki</a>.</p>
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		<title>Technology Leapfrogging: Theory vs. Reality</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/technology-leapfrogging-theory-vs-reality/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/technology-leapfrogging-theory-vs-reality/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2010 08:35:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[advancing african technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Broadband]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nigeria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rwanda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sustainable practices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology leapfrogging]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=1034</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s tempting to dream of the ideal African ICT establishment, a well-oiled (but sustainable) machine crafted out of the failures of experienced &#8216;expert&#8217; nations. Is technology leapfrogging still viable in developing areas, such as Africa? ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1033" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 344px"><a href="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/frog.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1033" title="frog" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/frog.jpg" alt="Moving" width="334" height="299" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">A far leap for a great analogy.</p></div>
<p>It&#8217;s tempting to dream of the ideal African ICT establishment, a well-oiled (but sustainable) machine crafted out of the failures of experienced &#8216;expert&#8217; nations. Is technology leapfrogging still viable in developing areas, such as Africa? The quick answer is yes,  &#8220;tried and true&#8221; practices that are financially successful and socially beneficial in other nations should just as easily apply to Africa. Still, we must keep our feet on the ground and avoid the temptation to allow theory to eclipse reality. A blend of the two extremes is a better choice: attempt to make the most of technology leapfrogging while keeping local constraints and practices in mind. In 1997, the educated approach to improving Africa&#8217;s ICT was based in theory:</p>
<blockquote><p>Africa&#8217;s lack of infrastructure, at first glance, may be seen  as a disadvantage. But, on closer examination, this can be turned  into an advantage if properly managed. African countries are not  encumbered by extensive networks built on obsolete technology,  which will require an evolutionary process of replacement. The  technological inertia is thus quite low. In technology leapfrogging  the extent of the leap is in inverse proportion to the technological  inertia carried along. The push should therefore be for the cutting  edge. The latest technology should be used in building new infrastructure.  African countries will thus leapfrog several stages and decades  in the IT development process. In doing so, they will learn from  the experience of more advanced countries the ways and means of  providing the greatest social benefits to a large fraction of  the population while avoiding any unpleasant side effects. &#8211; S. Yunkap Kwankam and N. Ntomambang Ningo, <em>Information Technology in Africa: A Proactive Approach and the Prospects of Leapfrogging Decades in the Development Process</em>, 1997. {<a href="http://www.isoc.org/inet97/proceedings/B7/B7_1.HTM#s19">isoc.org</a>}</p></blockquote>
<p>Take for example <a href="http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~i385q/archive/ensley_l-Technological%20Leapfrogging.doc">a situation discussed</a> nearly 13 years ago (in 1997). Nigeria was identified as having an affinity for computers, but lacking more than unreliable copper wires for telephony. Talk of fiber optic cables connecting Lagos to Europe was already under way, and it was believed that investment in the sciences would greatly benefit the country. All of this is very true, and indeed, Nigeria has emerged as one of the more technologically advanced African nations. However, the argument that Nigeria has avoided the pitfalls often associated with broadband is difficult to make.</p>
<p>In practice, leapfrogging is a substantial challenge. A few recent events provide evidence of this fact:</p>
<ul>
<li>Liberian broadband: Eric M.K. Osiakwan, executive secretary of AfrISPA <a href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/africa/100108/liberias-internet-tries-get-speed?page=0,1">recently told the <em>Global Post</em></a>, &#8220;“Developing countries have the opportunity to leapfrog, and especially a post-conflict country like Liberia has a clean slate to build new technology and engage at an advanced level … This needs to be a high priority.” In this case, Liberia has the chance to create a broadband infrastructure from the ground up. However, fiber optic cables are not expected to make landfall for a couple of years. Needless to say, this &#8216;leapfrogging&#8217; opportunity is a risk that Liberia must assess.</li>
<li>In terms of electricity, a similar scenario is playing out. Areas without electricity have never relied on fossil fuels to power their communities. Will nations like <a href="http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/energy-leapfrogging-a-view-from-togo/">Togo</a> adopt environmentally-friendly means of energy generation and transmission? Sadly, not in the near future. The technology is expensive and would require government aid and incentives in order to function properly. Outside investment helps, but cannot exist forever.</li>
<li>Rwandan President Paul Kagame acknowledges how the success of mobile technology in Africa is the result of leapfrogging, but warns citizens of relying on this means of advancement. He <a href="http://bottombillion.com/2009/04/leapfrogging-technology-and-rwandas-knowledgebase/">stresses</a> the importance of education in building a foundation for local scientific development that will guide Africa to economic stability in the coming decades.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ultimately, <a href="http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/leapfrogging-towards-post-industrial-development/2009/10/28">Pamela McLean</a> has the right idea: <em>Let’s “rub minds” to create sustainable, resilient communities in rural Africa, using the best technological solutions we can come up with, combining local and international expertise. Then, as we get some local solutions that really work, let’s adapt them and adopt them elsewhere as climate change and peak oil issues drive us all into new ways of living.”</em></p>
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		<title>The African Virtual School and e-learning</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/african-virtual-school/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/african-virtual-school/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jan 2010 08:51:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[africa e-learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[african virtual school]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[e-learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[google sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICT education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[simple but effective websites]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=997</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The African Virtual School, a fairly new e-learning program (based in Sierra Leone and the U.K.) caught my attention after the site recently posted a couple of videos on YouTube. The short, simple, and well-paced ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://africanvirtualschool.com/">The African Virtual School</a>, a fairly new e-learning program (based in Sierra Leone and the U.K.) caught my attention after the site recently posted a couple of videos on YouTube. The short, simple, and well-paced <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/africanvirtualschool">videos</a> do an excellent job explaining what the service is and how to sign up. The website is based on the <a href="http://sites.google.com/">Google Sites</a> platform and consequently is easy to navigate. The program started last Spring, but has gained momentum in the past months with the release of a <a href="http://www.amazon.com/African-Virtual-School-Maths-Book/dp/0955759633">textbook</a>. AVS seems to understand the shortcomings of traditional schooling (plus the fact that, for various reasons, many students lack the opportunity to earn a certificate) and seeks to provide basic computer, math, and writing skills to anyone with Internet access. Not only is the AVS teaching staff qualified; the educators can also tailor content to local needs. The beauty with virtual schools is that they do not discriminate based on location, age, gender, or employment. Although African Virtual School relies on the Internet to function, lessons can be downloaded or printed for students who do not have an unlimited or a reliable Internet connection.</p>
<p>In an overview of the program, the school explicitly states the challenges faced by an electronic medium. AVS, or any online school for that matter, carries a stigma. Unfortunately, many people do not trust non-traditional learning methods, even if they are proven to work and are perhaps more convenient. As such, the first step of attracting students is awareness. A potential student must understand what a virtual school is and how it functions. Then, the individual must find an Internet access point and somehow develop the elementary skills required to connect to a website. If someone makes it this far, he or she must then manage an electronic payment ($4 per month) in the form of PayPal, Google Checkout, Zap, or bank payment. These steps may seem like child&#8217;s play to longtime computer users, but we must take a step back and remember our first time in front of a screen and keyboard.</p>
<p>Ultimately, virtual schools may have to rely on the more ICT-savvy community members to assist potential users in signing up and navigating the system. (AVS understands the daunting task of using a computer for the first time, and even has a video explaining how to <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/africanvirtualschool#p/u/2/uxL6ihOmsQI">create a Word document</a>) It is not easy to bring a society online, and the task is only made harder if the society lacks a grade school education. In this case, word-of-mouth communication will be paramount to enhancing Africa&#8217;s ICT skills. Then, it takes a few dollars and an afternoon at a cyber café.</p>
<p>For more information on issues relating to virtual schools, I recommend reading the blog <a href="http://virtualschooling.wordpress.com/">Virtual High School Meanderings</a>.</p>
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		<title>Use &#8216;ICT for social inclusion&#8217; instead of &#8216;digital divide&#8217;</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/social-inclusion/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/social-inclusion/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 07:51:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICT Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[africa ict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[digital divide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ict for social inclusion]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=813</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While searching for ICT books the other day, I came across an interesting book written in 2005. The concepts are just as valid today as they were four years ago. Below is an excerpt:

What is ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_817" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 292px"><a href="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/digital-divide.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-817" title="digital-divide" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/digital-divide.jpg" alt="Source: www.eppsnet.com" width="282" height="362" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Source: www.eppsnet.com</p></div>
<p>While searching for ICT books the other day, I came across an interesting book written in 2005. The concepts are just as valid today as they were four years ago. Below is an excerpt:</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: left;">What is missing is a deeper focus on the &#8220;true&#8221; knowledge needs of particular cultures and communities, and the relevance of ICT to individual social contexts. This aspect is receiving more academic and practitioner attention nowadays with a shift in perspective from the digital divide to &#8220;ICT for social inclusion.&#8221; Here social inclusion may be achieved when &#8220;individuals, families, and communities are able to fully participate in socieyt and control their own destinies, taking into account a variety of factors related to economic resources, employment, health, education, housing, recreation, culture, and civic engagement.&#8221; &#8211; <em>Perspectives and policies on ICT in society</em>, Edited by Chrisanthi Avgerou and Jacques Berleur, New York: IFIP TC9, 2005. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=SjzlG3ZblBUC&amp;pg=PA22&amp;dq=africa+ict&amp;ei=xWIAS7zoCoiGlQSCvO34Dg&amp;client=firefox-a#v=onepage&amp;q=africa%20ict&amp;f=false">(Link)</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Such a condition can be achieved by focusing on four areas:</p>
<ol>
<li>Physical resources: This area has seen the most activity in recent years and is having a beneficial effect on African economies. Howeer, voice and data access in secondary towns and village is still lacking.</li>
<li>Digital resources: Simply put, this is the transfer of knowledge into information systems. However, we must question whether Africans are creating their own ICT materials and if they cater toward African social contexts. Are many Africans merely importing visions of modernity. One example is the lack of web pages in local languages.</li>
<li>Human resources: This category includes literacy and educational issues, such as those required for computer use. Does ICT actually provide for useful learning? Many schools are not yet connected, and even then, the teachers do not necessarily enforce proper ICT skills. Additionally, cyber cafés tend to promote western models of entertainment.</li>
<li>Social resources: These are the community structures that support ICT access. The youth need support from parents, schoolmates, and elders. NGOs, private organizations, and community groups fall into this category as well.</li>
</ol>
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		<title>Electronic waste recycling faces challenges</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/e-waste/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/e-waste/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 09:00:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[African import business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[computer recycling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[e-waste]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[east africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[electronic waste management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[electronics recycling]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=694</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[


Nigerian port cities are a prime destination. Source: http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/saraj


Electronic waste (e-waste) is quickly accumulating throughout the world without proper education or regulation. In 2005, Nigeria was receiving an estimated 60,000-90,000 tons of e-waste. Sales of ...]]></description>
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<dl id="attachment_684" style="width: 510px;">
<dt><a href="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/ewaste.gif"><img title="ewaste" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/ewaste-500x320.gif" alt="Source: http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/saraj" width="500" height="320" /></a></dt>
<dd>Nigerian port cities are a prime destination. Source: http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/saraj</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p>Electronic waste (e-waste) is quickly accumulating throughout the world without proper education or regulation. In 2005, Nigeria was receiving an estimated 60,000-90,000 tons of e-waste. Sales of electronic goods are increasing while lifespans are decreasing. This means an accelerated pace of disposal of circuit boards and monitors, many of which contain hard metals such as lead and cadmium, in addition to mercury. Improper laws in developed countries are essentially causing African nations to perpetuate the danger instead of innovate. Numerous African economies are now dependent on e-waste.</p>
<p>The predicament of African electronic waste management is even more complicated based on the fact that the problem exists on two fronts. Africa, along with every other continent, produces or purchases new electronic equipment that must be disposed of at the end of its lifespan. Additionally, and perhaps more problematic, is Africa&#8217;s adopted role as importer of electronic refuse from the United States and Europe. Port cities, such as Lagos, have especially poor e-waste disposal practices. According to moderate estimates, the annual amount of e-waste in the European Union will rise to roughly 12 million tonnes within the next ten years. Furthermore, a <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/08/02/e-waste.recycling/index.html">2008 Greenpeace Study</a> points out that only 25% of e-waste is properly recycled in Europe. That number is only 20% in the U.S. and a mere 1% in developing nations. A recent <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spL-z_rhb9U" target="_blank">video from the East Africa Report</a> focuses mainly on Kenyan e-waste, although the themes resonate for every nation.</p>
<p><strong>Import-export business:</strong></p>
<p>An <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1440802/">article</a> from <em>Environmental Health Perspectives</em> explains how difficult the e-waste export business is to track:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8230;there are virtually no data concerning the global e-waste trade—harmonized tariff schedules that dictate fees for export commodities don’t assign codes to waste electronics other than batteries. There are tariff classifications for scrap (e.g., plastic, metal) and for new electronics by type (e.g., computer monitors, TV sets). Because the importers don’t want to pay tariffs on a five-year-old computer based on the price of a new one, they often use scrap classifications, measured in pounds, says Robin Ingenthron, acting president of the World Reuse, Repair and Recycling Association (WR3A), a nonprofit group trying to establish fair trade standards for the practice. Consequently, the volume, characteristics, and destinations of e-waste exports are shrouded in mystery.</p></blockquote>
<p>There is nothing morally or environmentally inappropriate about importing used computers to be used in Africa. However, the problem is inherent in the African import business, which relies on gross weight, and not functionality of the electronic goods. Estimates reason that 100,000 computers or CPUs, or 44,000 TV sets enter Africa each month through Lagos alone. Only 25% of a container&#8217;s computers can be expected to function, and therefore continue on to the repair/recovery industry where they will make their way to the private or educational sector. The rest will be trashed. Take, for example, a possible <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1440802/">transation</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>“I could come up with half a load of good stuff and say, ‘If you want it, you have to take the bad,’ and sell it all by the pound,” the recycler says. “Then the guy in Africa will crunch the numbers and say, ‘OK, if you put a few more Pentium IIIs in there, you’ve got a deal.’”</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>What happens to e-waste once it reaches Africa?</strong></p>
<p>Africans may be increasingly good on development end of electronics, but as a whole, they are negligent on other end (disposal). The vast majority of e-waste is taken to landfills where children will search for valuable materials amid the broken glass and chemicals. When the piles get too high, the waste is torched, releasing dangerous chemicals into the air and food supply, or, metals like copper and iron are extracted, then plastic is burned. And it&#8217;s not only the population who unaware of environmental effects &#8211; members of Parliament are just as unaware.</p>
<p><strong>Policy and programs:</strong></p>
<p>A few international standards exist, although they have faced less-than-ideal enforcement. New policies are currently in draft form and can be expected in the coming months.</p>
<ul>
<li>Basel Action Network (<a href="http://www.ban.org/main/about_BAN.html">BAN</a>) aims to provide information regarding toxic trade, advocate for international policy, and conduct field research</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://ghanabusinessnews.com/2009/05/09/europes-e-waste-in-africa/"><em>Ghana Business News</em> article</a>:</li>
<blockquote><p>Dumping of e-waste has been illegal since 1992, when the Basel Convention entered into force. According to this international treaty, export of any toxic waste -including e-waste- from OECD countries is strictly forbidden. However, in the European legislation the term “reuse” offers a loophole, allowing old electronics to be taken in countries like Ghana and Nigeria. Clearly, this loophole has to be closed. The EU has to put in place legislation and mechanisms to make sure that only usable electronics that are tested and certified can be sent to developing countries.</p></blockquote>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=electronic-waste-control"><em>Scientific American</em> article</a>:</li>
<blockquote><p>Although the U.S. is one the world&#8217;s largest producers of electronic waste (e-waste), it is hardly a leader in addressing this problem, given that the country has &#8220;no legally enforceable federal policies requiring comprehensive recycling of e-waste or elimination of hazardous substances from electronic products,&#8221; the researchers say. Instead, the U.S. government has largely delegated e-waste decision making to the states, where only 19 have e-waste laws (rules are pending in 14 others).</p></blockquote>
</ul>
<ul>
<li> HP has started a <a href="http://h41131.www4.hp.com/uk/en/podcasts/ewaste.html">program</a> in South Africa to help with electronics recycling</li>
<li> e-Waste Assosiate of South Africa (<a href="http://www.e-waste.org.za/">eWASA</a>) informs citizens how to properly dispose of their electronics waste and provides fantastic resources for educators</li>
<li>Europe has standards limiting the hazardous chemical content of products</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Outlook</strong></p>
<p>Although it has existed for greater than a decade, the problem of e-waste disposal is still in its early stages. Still, action must be taken by the entire world before developing regions are stuck with unwieldy garbage. Africa has the opportunity to learn from the developed world&#8217;s mistakes. Individual governments must address the issue and ensure that organizations exist to recycling old electronics. Although Africa still must depend on exports from the rest of the world to strengthen its ICT equipment supply, the individual nations must still take responsibility for their waste, imported or not. Growth goals will need to be balanced with recycling goals. Additionally, the African computer repair industry must recognize that it can utilize goods that would otherwise be thrown out.</p>
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		<title>Africa4All to strengthen Parliament-public ties</title>
		<link>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/africa4all/</link>
		<comments>http://www.onlineafrica.net/education/africa4all/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2009 08:28:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>OA</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[africa4all]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gov2u]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kenya]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lesotho]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[namibia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[parliament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tanzania]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uganda]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.onlineafrica.net/?p=656</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
The recently-launched Africa4All Project (run by Gov2u, a Greek NGO, and co-funded by the 9th European Development Fund by ACP Group and EUROPAID) aims to bring the relationship between African government and African citizen into ...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;">
<p><a href="http://www.africa4all-project.eu"><img class="size-medium wp-image-657 aligncenter" title="logo-Africa4allProject" src="http://www.onlineafrica.net/uploads/logo-Africa4allProject-500x335.jpg" alt="asdfasfsf" width="301" height="201" /></a>The recently-launched <a href="http://www.africa4all-project.eu/">Africa4All Project</a> (run by Gov2u, a Greek NGO, and co-funded by the 9th European Development Fund by ACP Group and EUROPAID) aims to bring the relationship between African government and African citizen into the 21st century by means of ICT. Basic goals of the endeavor are increased political efficacy and greater government transparency while improving the e-skills of the populace. In other words, the government will have a better idea of the needs of its citizens and likewise, the citizens will learn more about how the government works and hopefully receive better services in the end. The initiative will focus on the East African nations of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in addition to Lesotho and Namibia in the south.</p>
<p>The site only launched three weeks ago, so some of the less essential sections (Videos, Downloads) are not up yet. However, the questionnaires (for both public and Parliament) are up and running. The site doesn&#8217;t assume any prior knowledge of the Web from visitors and even offers a glossary explaining terms that experienced Internet users often overlook, such as &#8216;blog&#8217; and &#8216;web 2.0&#8242;.</p>
<p>Africa4All hopes to expand the project once it becomes established in the initial countries. Most importantly, ICT training will be offered to those involved. From a FAQ on the <a href="http://www.africa4all-project.eu/index.php?view=items&amp;cid=1%3AAfrica4All+Project+FAQ&amp;id=3%3AWhat+benefits+will+the+project+bring%3F&amp;option=com_quickfaq&amp;Itemid=10">site</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>A free Toolkit (CD-ROM with a booklet) will be developed, that will contain all necessary software and related descriptions, promotion and dissemination material (including case studies) and hints on relevant processes to set up similar models in other regions. Via its Toolkit, Africa4All will deliver free services to help other African Parliaments and public authorities set up similar initiatives of their own, beyond the limited framework of this initiative. Those public institutions and parliaments interested on the use of the Toolkit will assume the costs only for possible customization and maintenance of Africa4All platform.</p>
<p>Specific online and offline training for ICT staff and MPs will also be provided.</p></blockquote>
<p>Follow Africa4All on <a href="http://twitter.com/africa4all/following">Twitter</a> to stay current.</p>
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